History of Super Bowl Weather Delays and Cancellations

Could 2018s Super Bowl LI be delayed or postponed due to inclement weather? Given that the 52nd  Super Bowl game will be held at the  U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, theres a chance there could be snow in the forecast. Still, in NFL Super Bowl history, no game has ever been delayed due to weather. (Super Bowl XLVII in 2014 was the first, and so far, the only game to be delayed. The Ravens-49ers game was delayed for 34 minutes in the third quarter, thanks  to an electrical mishap.) But that doesnt mean weather hasnt tried to.   Super Bowls Turned Snow Bowls Although a weather contingency plan has never had to be implemented in Super Bowl history, there have been a handful of close calls when the Super Bowl was at risk of being delayed.   Super Bowl XLI. February is normally Floridas dry season, but in 2007, an active jet stream and a nearby stationary front converged, leading to monsoon rains in Miami. The game still went on, but not even ponchos were enough to keep fans in the stadium dry. Many left their seats and took shelter in the stadium concourse, or simply left the game early.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Super Bowl XLV.  At the start of Super Bowl week 2011, all eyes were drawn to Arlington, Texas, when the host city was hit by an ice storm. Later in the week, an additional 4 inches of snow fell. An arctic front helped the snow and ice linger all week long, and kept temperatures in the 20s and 30s. But by the weekend, the wintry weather had thawed.     Super Bowl XLVIII. Weather contingency plans were on hand for 2014s Super Bowl -- the first to be played in an outdoor venue at a cold-weather city (East Rutherford, New Jersey). Not only did a winter storm drop a mountain of snow on the MetLife Stadium just before Superb owl week, but the  Farmers Almanac predicted another round of heavy snow was on tap for Super Bowl weekend. Luckily, when it came down to game time, the weather cooperated with cloudy skies and an air temperature of 49 °F at kickoff -- nearly 10-15 degrees above normal for the city. (Oddly enough, a winter storm hit the next day, blanketing the city in 8 inches of snow and stranding many Super Bowl travelers.) The Warm-Climate Rule Surprised at the lack of weather delays despite the Super Bowl being played mid-winter? One reason for this is because football, like our US postal service, has a neither snow, nor rain, nor heat... culture. But, a second, lesser-known reason  is the leagues warm-climate rule -- a sort of built-in weather contingency plan that must be met when choosing the Super Bowls host city.   The NFLs warm-climate requirement mandates  the host stadium location have an average temperature of 50 °F (10 °C) or above for that years scheduled Super Bowl date. At least, thats the way the NFL and Host Committee used to pick potential Super Bowl cities. In 2010, this warm-climate requirement was waived, giving cold-weather cities with open-air stadiums a fair chance at also hosting a Super Bowl. What was the reason for the  change? The chance to offer a new experience for football fans attending in-person and watching at home. In the sentiments of NFL Commissioner Roger Goodall, ...The game of football is made to be played in the elements.  Ã‚   Football in the Bleak Mid-Winter Why is the Super Bowl held in  winter, anyway? Its certainly NOT a matter of preference. Its simply the timing of the NFL schedule. Opening season is always the weekend after Labor Day (the first Monday in September) in early fall; add in the 17-week regular season, three rounds of playoffs, and you land exactly five months later into late winter. Additional playoffs have pushed the Super Bowl date out from early to mid-January to February, but still winter nonetheless.          Winter weather can wreak havoc on football  in a number of ways: Snow.  Snow makes for a slippery football field, but its primary threat is its color.   covering white goal lines, end lines, hash marks. If snowfall is particularly heavy, or if winds are driving winds, it can also mean reduced or no visibility for players on the field.Sleet, freezing rain.  Ice on the field poses a similar threat to players as it does to pedestrians and drivers on roadways and sidewalks: a total loss of traction.Frost.  If temperatures are cold enough, you dont even need snow or ice to freeze the grass (or turf) underfoot -- frost is enough to do the job. To combat this, many cold-climate stadiums are outfitted with a system of underground electric coils or underground pipes filled with antifreeze (yes, the same stuff thats in your car) to keep the field soft.Cold Air.  Even if you dont have to worry about a frozen field, cold weather still poses another threat to the game: under-inflated footballs. A football (which is customarily inflated indoors) can d eflate by roughly 0.2 PSI for every 10-degree drop in temperature it experiences after being transferred outdoors.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Super Bowl Saturday? So, what would happen, if a major weather event DID threaten the safety of spectators on Super Bowl Sunday? A weather contingency plan would be enacted. Contingency plans more or less move the game from its traditional Sunday spot to the Friday or  Saturday of Super Bowl week, or the following Monday or Tuesday. Which day the game is postponed to is a decision thats made closely with meteorologists. For example, if a snowstorm was forecast for Super Bowl night, playing Saturday might be an option. Whereas, if a blizzard hit on a Friday (two days before the scheduled game) it could be the following Tuesday before the city had time to dig out roads and parking lots.   To date, the Super Bowl has never been changed from its originally scheduled date.   If ever  ill weather were to impact the Super Bowl for up to a week, a contingency plan may call for the game to be relocated to another city  altogether.    Super Bowls with the Worst Weather Just because the Super Bowl has eluded all weather-related delays, doesnt mean its game day weather has always been sunny and 60 degrees. Heres a look at some of the weathers most unsettled game days in Super Bowl history.   Super Bowl No. Date Host City Weather Record VI Jan 16, 1972 New Orleans, LA Coldest Super Bowl played at an outdoor venue (39 F). XVI Jan 24, 1982 Pontiac, MI First time Super Bowl was held in a cold-weather city. First Super Bowl played in the snow. XVIII Jan 22, 1984 Tampa, FL Windiest Super Bowl (25 mph wind gusts). XXXIV Jan 30, 2000 Atlanta, GA A rare ice storm hit during Super Bowl week. Atlantas indoor stadium saved it from possible delays. XLI Feb 4, 2007 Miami, FL The first and wettest Super Bowl to be played in the rain. Super Bowl's Worst Weather Games Interested in more facts about weather and the Super Bowl, including observed weather data for each game date? Check out NOAAs Southeast Regional Climate Center Super Bowl Climatology site.

Benefits of Breastfeeding Essay - 669 Words

Benefits of Breastfeeding Mother’s milk is the best food possible for the newborn baby. Breast milk works as an all in one nutritional supplement. Breast milk works as a thirst quencher, medication, food supplement and for the mother it works as a weight loss program with no equal. Although, there are formulas that can be used for replacing breast milk, they do not have the same supplements as the natural milk from the mother. The American Academy of Pediatrics â€Å"†¦recommends that babies be breast-fed for six to 12 months. The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is infant formula.† (Williams, 1995). Breast milk is a perfect combination of nutrients and antibodies for an infant’s fast growing system. Breast milk is made up†¦show more content†¦Breastfeeding also brings the infant closer to the mother. Through breastfeeding, the mother and the child can build a very strong emotional bond. New born infant’s sight is only between 12 to 15 inches. When a baby is breastfeeding, the baby will be able see his or her mothers face from that distance, as well as get accustomed to the smell of the mother. Fathers might be a little jealous at this stage, because there seems to be no need for them at this time. â€Å"One study†¦ showed that the babies who received no breast milk had IQS 8 points lower on average than those who received breast milk.† (Dremer, 1997 , para. 6) One other great benefit of breastfeeding is lowering the cost of everything. Although, the mother will be eating more compared to her normal pre-pregnancy stage, the cost of purchasing extra food for the mother versus buying formula is obvious. Formula tends to be extremely expensive without any of the extra benefits of real human milk. On top of the formula cost, a baby that feeds from breast milk will less likely get sick. This will mean less medical bills. There are occasions where a mother will not be able to breastfeed the baby. 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Eassyon Socilatization free essay sample

Taking a break from studying around midnight, Sarah decided to drive to get coffee In her brand new convertible Mercedes. On her way to the coffee shop, while looking own to read an Incoming text, she ran a stop sign on a neighborhood street and was pulled over by the police. In a thick Southern accent, the officer asked her for her drivers license and Insurance percolation. As she was handing both to the officer, she realized she was wearing her spring break t-shirt with the words, l survived Spring Break 2012. Nervously, she blurted out, Officer, I am a college student. And I have been studying, and I have not been drinking, and I am just going to get coffee. After receiving a ticket from the police officer she noticed her badge, which stated, Protect and Serve. Her frustration quickly dissipated as she realized that the police officer was carrying out her duty to maintain public safety and her actions could have caused a serious accident. We will write a custom essay sample on Eassyon Socilatization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Contemplating the nights event, she drove 10 miles under the speed limit the rest of the way to the coffee shop. Write an essay that will highlight your understanding of material and monetarily culture. Clearly define material and monetarily culture. Next, identify the elements of culture in the story. Your response should include an analysis of both the material and monetarily culture within the story.